Electricity, simply put, is the flow of electric current along a conductor. An ac motor of this type may be part of a pump or fan or connected to some other form of mechanical equipment such as a winder, conveyor, or mixer. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. To do this, a motor must be selected that is capable of starting the equipment. Sep 27, 2012 learning 101 basics of motors and motor controls. Jul 11, 2019 the electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. In the lead storage battery used in motor vehicles, the internal resistance is the sum of the electrical resistances of the plates, electrolyte and connectors, etc. Apr 24, 2010 principles of the starting motor department of defense 1957 pin 29892 electrical and magnetic principles involved in the operation of the starting motor how electrical energy is converted. Most technical development concentrated on generators instead. Electrical designers use it to determine how much voltage is required for a certain load, like a motor, a computer, or even a house full of appliances.
This module describes electrical measuring and test equipment and includes the parameters measured and the principles of operation of common instruments. When the mechanical system delivers energy through the device to the electrical system, the device is called a generator. Pdf an exhaustive treatise on principles of electrical engineering for under graduate engineering and diploma students. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a magnetic field by means of a current flowing into one or more coils. A magnetic starter or other motor controllers may include overload devices, or they may be an integral part. Ohms law is the basic formula used in all ac and dc electrical circuits.
Electric motor parts of motor, working of electric motor. To understand the operating principle of dc motor we need to first look into its single loop constructional feature. Pi v i pf three phase power in kw rms voltage, mean line to line of 3 phases rms current, mean of 3 phases power factor as decimal 30 unep 2006. Basic principles of electrical machines electromechanical energy conversion the electromechanical energy conversion device is a link between electrical and mechanical systems. In the rst electric generators, or \dynamos, some source of mechanical. The 3phase set of currents, each of equal magnitude and with a phase. The magnet is spun by a 3 phase ac motor with no rotor voltage 4. Most motors described in this guide spin on an axis, but there are also specialty motors that move linearly. From its beginnings in the late nineteenth century, electrical engineering has blossomed from focusing on electrical circuits for power, telegraphy and telephony to focusing on a much broader range of disciplines.
Physics assignment help, principle of electric motor, an electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. A currentcarrying conductor generates a magnetic field. An electric motor uses the attraction and repulsion of magnetic fields to produce motion. The phase relation between the rotor and stator magnetic field i. The field coils either electromagnetic or permanent located in the housing produce magnetic flux lines. Electric motor history and principles the electric motor in its simplest terms is a converter of electrical energy to useful mechanical energy. It also provides coverage for some other courses, including foundation bridging courses which require the study of electrical and electronic engineering. Aug 06, 2016 principle of electric motor and generator slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The electric motor works on the principle of magnetic effects of electric current.
For example, in figure b1, the control wiring from the startstop. An electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Uses soft magnet rotor that is magnetized by the application of current in the stator coils 3. V x i x pf x 3 pi assessment of electric motors motor. The electric motor has played a leading role in the high productivity of modern industry, and it is therefore directly responsible for the high standard of living being enjoyed throughout the. The working of an electric motor is based on the fact that a current carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it. Motor speed relationship the synchronous speed of an ac motor is the speed of the rotating magnetic field set up by the stator winding synchronous speed rpm 120 x frequency divided by the number of poles. The rotor has salient poles and a cage so that it starts like an induction motor, and runs like a synchronous motor. The dc motor is of vital importance for the industry today and is equally important for engineers to look into the working principle of dc motor in details that we have discussed in this article. In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. Motors the basics of motors it is important to select the motor that will help assure optimum performance of the equipment to be driven. Electrical motors ppt free download as powerpoint presentation.
My original aim was to bridge the gap between specialist textbooks which are pitched at a level too academic for the average user and the more prosaic handbooks, which are full of useful detail but provide. Unit 1 basic principles of motor controls different manufacturers of control devices, as well as books about motor controls, use different methods of showing the control circuit wiring. Working of electric motor mainly depends upon the interaction of magnetic field. Fundamental electrical and electronic principles contains 349. The basic idea of an electric motor is to generate two magnetic fields. Placing a coil of wire inside a permanent magnetic field and fixed so it can. The electric motor operation is based on the following points. National electrical manufacturers association nemanema. Like generators, electric motors consist of a stator and a rotor and the three ingredients. These pages are intended to be read in conjunction with joes electric motors and generators pages of the hsc physics resources %7ejwhscmotors. Have fun performance of the system compared with motor performance based on data sheet cim motor also known as chiaphua and atwood stall torque stall 347 ozin 2. Fundamentals of electric motors and transformers rajib mikail lecturer.
In actual practice, however, all motors use automatic starting of some sort. This course is intended to prepare the target persons with the ability to understand and recognize different types, components, theory of operation and applications of all electrical motors. Electrical motors ppt electric motor engines free 30. All of these motors work in more or less same principle. The text that was researched and compiled contains explanations of the motor parts, theory about electromagnetism and how current is used to make an electrical motor rotate. The type of motor that is used worldwide with a greater percentage is the three phase induction motor. How real electric motors work educating global leaders. Thus, the more free electrons a material has, the better it conducts. In doing so it converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. At least one of the two magnetic field is generated by a solenoid carrying a current. In addition to providing basic information about ac motors in general, this course also includes an overview of. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
The principles usually come from the text or are deducible from the. Fundamentals of electric motors electric motor physical. The rotor will constantly be turning to align its magnetic field with that of the stator field. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. All motors are either alternating current ac or direct current dc, but a few can operate on both see figure 21. Fundamental in engineering mathematics and physics course objectives. Electric starter motor the electric starter motor converts electrical current into rotary motion. Basic principle the electric motor operation is based on the following points. Now we will discuss the basic operating principle of electric. An electric motor is an electromagneticdevice that converts electrical energy intomechanical energy the first electric motor was invented bywilliam sturgeon in 1832 the first commercially successful electricmotor was created in 1873 today, electric motors can be found in avariety of appliances. Once youve got the basic idea and understand the physical principles and the maths, youre ready to explore how.
This electric current takes the form of free electrons that transfer from one atom to the next. Start studying basic electric motor chapter 9 learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Leeson basic training electric heaters,level sensors. Module 15 electrical distribution systems this module describes basic electrical distribution systems and includes characteristics of system design to ensure personnel and equipment safety. Finally, a comparison between different motors is presented. Electric motors are a source of electrical hazards and consequently. The field windings of a series motors are connected in series with the armature windings. Working or operating principle of dc motor electrical4u. Working of electric motor mainly depends upon the interaction of magnetic field with current. Mechanical energy what is an electric motor an electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy usually a torque. The electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. What is the working principle of an electric motor.
A universal motor is a singlephase series motor, which is able to run on either alternating current ac or direct current dc and the characteristics are similar for both ac and dc. Grundfos motor book 22 grundfos motor book basic types of singlephase induction motors theoretically, a singlephase motor could be started by spinning the motor mechanically and applying power immediately. The interaction of two magnetic fields produce this rotational force. It is a device that conducts current between stationary wires and moving parts, most commonly the rotating shaft. Basics of universal electric motors june 26, 2015 by david herres 2 comments for a rotary electric motor to work, there must be two magnetic fields, one associated with the stator and the other with the rotor. Electric motor systems consume 20% of all energy generated in the united states, 57% of all electrical energy, and 70% of electrical energy consumed by industry. A basic rule of thumb is that in an ac motor, as in an ac generator used for industrial power production, the magnet is on the rotor and the current 1. For example, in figure b1, the control wiring from the startstop pushbutton station runs to the actual connection points. An electric motor is a type of prime mover for a mechanical system.
Introduction to electric motors linkedin slideshare. The speed of an ac motor depends on the frequency of the input power and the number of poles for which the motor is wound. Bee basic electric engineering is common to first year branches of ug engineeringexpect bt. See these pictures of early electric motors, only the latest of which are commercial. Fundamentals of electric motors free download as powerpoint presentation.
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